Footnotes

¹ Greene, J., & Forster, G. (2003). Public high school graduation and college readiness rates in the United States. The Manhattan Institute.

² U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (2002). The condition of education. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.

³ Carnevale, A. (2000). Help wanted... college required. Leadership 2000 Series. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

⁴ Ruppert, S. (2003). Closing the college participation gap: A national summary. Denver, CO: Education Commission on the States.

⁵ U.S. Census Bureau. (2002). The big payoff: Educational attainment and synthetic estimates of work-life earnings. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.

⁶ Association of American Colleges and Universities, Greater Expectations National Panel. (2002). Greater Expectations National Panel report. Washington, DC: AAC&U.

⁷ Institute for Higher Education Policy (1999). Reaping the benefits: Defining the public and private value of going to college. Washington, DC: New Millennium Project.

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¹ Martinez & Klopott. (2002a)

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¹ Lareau, A. (1987). Social class differences in family-school relationships: The importance of cultural capital. Sociology in Education, 60(2), 73-85; Steinberg, L. (1996). Beyond the classroom: Why school reform has failed and what parents need to do. New York: Simon and Schuster.

² Orfield, G., & Paul, F.G. (1993). High hopes, long odds: A major report on Hoosier teens and the American dream. Indianapolis, IN: Indiana Youth Institute; McDonough. (1997); McDonough, P.M. (2001). A technical report on family involvement for the University of California.

³ Hossler, D., Schmit, J., & Vesper, N. (1999). Going to college: How social, economic, and educational factors influence the decisions students make. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; Orfield & Paul. (1993); Berkner, L., & Chavez, L. (1997). Access to postsecondary education for the 1992 high school graduates (NCES Publication No. 98105). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education; McDonough, P.M. (2001).

⁴ Marklein, M.B., (2000b, October 3). Surfing the net is new route to college. USA Today, p. 1A; U.S. Department of Commerce (2000, October). Falling through the net: Toward digital inclusion, a report on Americans' access to technology tools. Washington DC.; Norfles, N. (2001). Closing the divide: Technology use in TRIO upward bound. Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education, National TRIO Clearinghouse.

⁵ Longanecker, D.A., & Blanco, C.D. (2003). Student financial assistance. In Student success: Statewide P-16 systems. Denver, CO: State Higher Education Executive Officers and Pathways to College Network Research Paper.

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¹ Lee, V.E., & Smith, J.B. (1993). Effects of school restructuring on the achievement and engagement of middle-grade students. Sociology of Education, 66(3), 164-187; Muller, C. (1993). Parent involvement and academic achievement: An analysis of family resources available to the child. In B. Schneider, and J.S. Coleman (Eds.), Parents, their children and schools. Boulder, CO: Westview Press; Zick, C.D., Bryant, W.K. & Osterbacka, E. (2001). Mothers' employment, parental involvement, and the implications for children's behavior. Social Science Research, 30, 25-49; Sui-Chu, E.H., & Willms, J.D. (1996). Effects of parental involvement on eighth-grade achievement. Sociology of Education, 69(2), 126-14; McNeal, R.B., Jr. (1999). Parental involvement as social capital: Differential effectiveness on science achievement, truancy, and dropping out. Social Forces, 78(1), 117-144; Horn (1998); Hossler, et al. (1999); Perna. (2003); Mattingly, D.J., Prislin, R., McKenzie, T.L., Rodriguez, J.L., & Kayzar, B. (2002). Evaluating evaluations: The case of parent involvement programs. Review of Educational Research, 72(4), 549-576.

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¹ U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (2002). The condition of education. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office.

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